The vision of embedding connectivity into billions of everyday objects runs into the reality of existing communication technologies --- there is no existing wireless technology that can provide reliable and long-range communication as well as cost less than a dime. While backscatter is low-power and low-cost, it is known to be limited to short ranges. This paper overturns this conventional wisdom about backscatter and presents the first wide-area backscatter system. Our design can successfully backscatter from any location between an RF source and receiver, separated by 475 m, while being compatible with commodity LoRa hardware. Further, when our backscatter device is co-located with the RF source, the receiver can be as far as 2.8 km away. We deploy our system in a 4,800 ft2 house spread across three floors, a 13,024 ft2 office area covering 41 rooms, as well as a one-acre vegetable farm and show that we can achieve reliable coverage, using only a single RF source and receiver. We also build a contact lens prototype as well as a flexible epidermal patch device attached to the human skin. We show that these devices can reliably backscatter data across a 3,328 ft2 room. This is orders of magnitude larger range than the 35 inch range reported by prior designs.
Vamsi Talla
Mehrdad Hessar
Bryce Kellogg
Ali Najafi